High temperature exposure increases plant cooling capacity

the narrow sense. While the concept of qualia is elusive, its neurobiological basis can be investigated with the empirical neuroscientific approach. For example, with a rewiring experiment such as the one described above we may be able to uncover patterns of neuronal connectivity that are associated with visual and auditory qualia. Once anatomical motifs are identified for typical visual and auditory experience, Thomas Nagel’s seemingly intractable question ‘what it’s like to be a bat’ might be addressed by examining the microcircuits involved in echolocation. At least, we can quantitatively evaluate the similarity between the circuitry for the echolocation and that for vision or audition, allowing us to infer if qualia for echolocation would be closer to visual or auditory qualia. The neuroanatomical approach has an important role in identifying neuroanatomical motifs of qualia. The concept of qualia will be refined as empirical neurobiological approaches reveal new facts about relationships between qualia and the brain.